(Global Trade Review, London, 14 October 2024) Ahead of crunch talks within the OECD Arrangement, climate groups are pressuring the US, Korea and Japan to agree to a comprehensive proposal that would halt billions of dollars in fossil fuel financing each year. In recent days, over 40 environmental and social activity groups have written to members of the OECD Arrangement on Officially Supported Export Credits, urging them to expand an existing ban on coal financing to also include oil and gas projects. Export credit agencies (ECAs) are among the world’s largest backers of fossil fuel transactions, often in developing regions such as Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Climate groups argue their support – in the form of guarantees, insurance and loans – can be vital in ensuring projects reach financial close. In the past year, the Export-Import Bank of the United States (US Exim) has seen two advisors on its climate board quit over a US$500mn loan guarantee backing oil and gas field expansion in Bahrain, while Japan’s agency has come under fire for financing a new gas field in Western Australia. Friends of the Earth, Oil Change International and BankTrack are among the signatories of the letter, which says it is “unthinkable that OECD agencies continue to pour billions into fossil fuel projects”.
Renewable Energy
UK approves use of export finance to source critical minerals
(Innovation News, London, 31 October 2024) UK Export Finance (UKEF), the government’s export credit agency, will offer financial support for overseas projects to source critical minerals. Securing contracts that increase the UK’s ability to source critical minerals will help the UK build economic resilience and lower the risk of supply-chain disruption in major industries like automotive, defence, and aerospace. Critical minerals are raw materials like lithium, graphite, and cobalt, which are essential to the UK’s largest export sectors. They are used in emerging and sustainable technologies like electric vehicles, solar panels and wind turbines.
US Defense Dept Strategic Capital “arsenal”
(Lexology, London, 30 October 2024) The US Defence Department’s Office of Strategic Capital (OFC) is one of the newest entrants in the US Federal arsenal of finance tools for growth companies, providing loans between $10M and $150M to develop critical technologies vital to national security, with an initial program of up to $984M. Another US federal loan program is the Dept. of Energy’s Loan Program Office (LPO) which has a “budget” of up to $300 billion to finance domestic renewable energy companies and projects. Together with USEXIM’s “Make More in America Program” (MMIA), created to spur U.S. manufacturing and create more resilient supply chains, these three often overlooked federal finance mechanisms take on the credit risk which traditional banks and non-bank lenders (e.g. private equity) cannot [or will not] take on and which impose terms that crush return on investment. [Rare earths developer Australian Strategic Materials (ASM) has indicated that Australian firms can potentially access US Department of Defence funding under the newly set up Office of Strategic Capital.]
Cutting Fossil Fuel Financing
(Friends of the Earth, Merrifield, 4 October 2024) Fossil fuel companies continue to be propped up by the government in the form of public financing like US EXIM. Often, these tax dollars are funding overseas fossil fuel projects wreaking havoc on our environment and local communities in places like Mozambique, India, Bahrain, Papua New Guinea — to name a few. At the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP26) in Glasgow, more than 30 countries signed a commitment to end international public finance for fossil fuels and to prioritize funding for clean energy. If implemented fully, this resolution could shift $28 billion a year from fossil fuels into clean energy. In particular, the UK’s ECA (UK Export Finance) cut its fossil fuel transactions from $11 billion to zero in just ten years. Previously, the agency had allocated more than 99% of its energy finance to fossil fuels. We have also seen great success pressuring other countries but the United States is the biggest violator of the COP26 commitment. In 2023 and, so far, in 2024, the US provided $3.5 billion for overseas fossil fuel projects. The US EXIM alone just approved financing for six mega-projects, including $500 million to develop 300 oil and gas wells in Bahrain. The US is the largest member of the coalition of signers and is the biggest problem. We will continue to pressure our export credit agencies to take this commitment seriously and accept responsibility and the largest historical climate polluter.
Rich Nations Running Out of Time to Curb Oil and Gas Funding
(Bloomberg, 17 September 2024) A group of developed nations will make a new push to resolve differences amid fading prospects for a deal to restrict funding of foreign oil and gas projects by their export credit agencies. Restricting export credit agencies is seen as a potentially important tool in curbing the flow of financing to fossil fuels projects. Group of 20 nations offered more than $30 billion for such ventures in 2022, led by Canada and South Korea, according to data compiled by Oil Change International, a climate advocacy group.
Western nations join forces to break China’s grip on critical minerals
(Financial Times, New York, 23 September 2024) Coalition of 14 governments announces financing network for projects to provide raw materials required by tech industry. Western nations are directing their development finance and export credit agencies to work with private industry to support critical minerals projects, in a drive to break China’s chokehold over a sector that is essential for high-tech industries. The Minerals Security Partnership, a coalition of 14 nations and the European Commission, will unveil a new financing network at an event in New York on Monday as they try to ramp up international collaboration and pledge financial support for a huge nickel project in Tanzania, backed by mining company BHP.
Rich countries could raise $5tn of climate finance a year, study says
(Guardian, London, 24 September 2024) Rich countries could raise five times the money that poor countries are demanding in climate finance, through windfall taxes on fossil fuels, ending harmful subsidies and a wealth tax on billionaires, research has shown. Developing nations are asking for at least $1tn (£750bn) a year of public funds to help them cut greenhouse gases and cope with the impacts of extreme weather. Research by the pressure group Oil Change International, published on Tuesday, shows that rich countries could generate $5tn a year from a combination of wealth and corporate taxes, and a crackdown on fossil fuels. A wealth tax on billionaires could generate $483bn globally, while a financial transaction tax could raise $327bn. Taxes on sales of big technology, arms and luxury fashion would be another $112bn, and redistributing 20% of public military spending would be worth $454bn if implemented around the world. Stopping subsidies [from OECD ECAs?] to fossil fuels would free up $270bn of public money in the rich world, and about $846bn globally. Taxes on fossil fuel extraction would be worth $160bn in the rich world, and $618bn globally.
Shifting and unlocking trillions for a just energy transition
(Oil Change International, Washington, 24 September 2024) Rich countries can mobilize well over $5 trillion a year for climate action at home and abroad by ending fossil fuel handouts, making big polluters pay, and changing unfair global financial rules. This briefing, endorsed by 36 civil society organizations, is published as global leaders meet at Climate Week NYC and the United Nations General Assembly ahead of COP29, where leaders must agree on a new global climate finance target (NCQG). This target must be at least $1 trillion annually in grants and grant-equivalent finance and is essential for countries to deliver last year’s commitment to transition away from fossil fuels. Only strong finance targets will unlock strong national climate plans (NDCs) due in 2025 that phase out fossil fuels. A new Oil Change briefing reveals how governments in North America and Europe are preparing to waste hundreds of billions of taxpayer dollars on these ineffective technologies, further benefiting the fossil fuel industry, despite their record profits. They add that carbon capture has a 50-year record of failure and ask why governments [and ECAs] are throwing billions of dollars at it?
Critical Minerals Security Partnership may not be enough for Australia
(Australian Strategic Policy Institute, Canberra, 25 September 2024) Fourteen countries this week took what they intended to be a big step in countering China’s dominance of critical minerals supply. But it’s unclear whether the initiative will restore competitiveness of Australian production and investment in the face of massive subsidies offered by China and, in response, the United States. The Minerals Security Partnership, a coalition of 14 countries, including the G7, Australia, India, South Korea, and European Union members, announced plans for a finance network to boost investment in critical metals. The initiative will tap into domestic export credit agencies and development finance institutions to attract private sector capital to produce, extract, process and recycle critical minerals, especially in riskier markets. The partnership seeks to lower investment risks and drive global supply chain resilience by providing guarantees and concessional financing. Australia’s economic prosperity and national security are intrinsically linked to the exploitation of its abundant resources, notably critical minerals. These minerals are the new oil. They’re the building blocks for everything from emerging technology to energy transition. Although Australia has vast reserves, its critical mineral mining and processing are still threatened by the intense subsidy war between the US and China.
UK & Polish ECAs target green exports with €249 million for Turkish solar project
(UK Government, London, 8 August 2024) UK Export Finance (UKEF) and KUKE, the UK and Polish export credit agencies, have guaranteed a €249 million loan being arranged by Standard Chartered Bank for Turkish renewable energy investment company Kalyon Enerji, enabling the construction of Turkey’s second-largest solar project to date. This deal is expected to support UK jobs in the renewable-energy sector supply chain, particularly in the Midlands.
